King George V’s reign was marked by monumental global events that reshaped the 20th century and the role of the British monarchy.
Below, World History Edu takes an in-depth look at this British monarch’s life and reign:
Early Life
Born on June 3, 1865, George Frederick Ernest Albert, who would later become George V, was the second son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark. He initially did not expect to ascend the throne, given his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, was the direct heir. As a young prince, George followed a naval career, joining the Royal Navy at age 12, where he cultivated a deep love for the sea and discipline that he carried throughout his life.
Accession and Reign
George V became king unexpectedly following the death of his father, Edward VII, in 1910, and subsequently the untimely demise of his elder brother in 1892. His reign, from 1910 to 1936, encompassed significant events, both within Britain and internationally.
- World War I: Perhaps the most momentous event during George’s reign was World War I (1914-1918). The war put George in a delicate situation, as the British royal family had strong German connections. Demonstrating loyalty to Britain, George made frequent visits to the Western Front, boosting morale, and visited war-wounded soldiers.
- Change of Dynasty Name: Due to anti-German sentiment during World War I, George decided to renounce the German titles held by members of his family and adopted “Windsor” as the new family name. The Royal House of Windsor continues to this day.
- Political Changes: George’s reign witnessed a considerable shift in the British political landscape. The Parliament Act of 1911 reduced the power of the House of Lords, marking a significant constitutional change. Moreover, Ireland’s quest for independence led to the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, with only Northern Ireland remaining part of the UK.
- Economic and Social Challenges: Post-WWI Britain faced economic hardships, including unemployment and strikes. George’s commitment to his role was evident when he took a pay cut during the economic crisis of the 1930s to set an example.
- Silver Jubilee: In 1935, George V celebrated his Silver Jubilee, marking 25 years on the throne. This occasion was met with widespread public celebration, solidifying the bond between the monarch and his subjects.
Major Facts about George V
- Marriage and Offspring: In 1893, George married Princess Mary of Teck, initially betrothed to his late brother. Their enduring partnership produced six children, including Edward VIII and George VI.
- Role in Diplomacy: George played a vital role in fostering diplomatic relations, hosting the first-ever royal British tour of India in 1911 and laying the foundation for modern royal diplomacy.
- Supporter of Innovation: The king was interested in technological advancements. He backed the development of civil aviation and supported the establishment of the Royal Air Force.
- Health: George V’s health deteriorated in his later years, compounded by heavy smoking. In 1936, suffering from multiple ailments, he was administered a lethal dose of morphine and cocaine by his physician, a controversial decision aimed at ensuring a painless death and allowing the news to be published in the morning papers rather than the less respectable evening journals.
- Legacy: George V is often considered a transitional monarch. He recognized the changing role of the monarchy, moving it away from direct political intervention and towards a more modern, ceremonial role. His commitment to duty and his nation, especially during the tumultuous times of WWI, solidified the monarchy’s role in British public life.
- Abdication Crisis: While it unfolded mainly during the reign of his successor, Edward VIII, the foundations of the abdication crisis were laid during George’s final years. He reportedly said of Edward: “After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself in 12 months” and expressed his trust in his second son, Albert (who would become George VI), to heal the wounds the crisis would cause.